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Chicago/Turabian Style for History

Citations: Chicago/Turabian Manual of Style

What are Primary Sources?

Primary Sources are documents, contextual items created during study, photographs, manuscripts, diaries, letters, autobiographies, recordings, artwork, newspapers, and/or artifacts that provide firsthand testimony or experience. They enable researchers to get as close as possible to what happened during a historical event or period, to touch the past.

Examples can include: 

  • archives and manuscript material
  • photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, films
  • journals, letters and diaries
  • speeches
  • scrapbooks
  • maps
  • published books, newspapers and magazine clippings published at the time
  • government publications
  • oral histories
  • records of organizations
  • autobiographies and memoirs
  • printed ephemera
  • original artwork
  • artifacts, i.e. clothing, ships, instruments, tools, china, household items, furniture
  • research data, i.e. public opinion polls

Check out the below websites to connect with history.

General Primary Sources

National & State Archives Websites