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1. What impact did European expansion between 1492 and 1650 have on the societies of both the Old World and the New World? (Analyze cultural, political, and economic changes on both sides of the Atlantic.)
2. Did literacy undermine the samurai class in Japan? (Examine how literacy changed the role of samurai as warrior vassals in late 18th-century Japanese society.)
3. What was the Scientific Revolution, and how did it change human understanding of the world? (Discuss the major contributions of at least 3 figures: Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Bacon, or Newton.)
4. Compare the Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion in China: Which event had a greater impact on China's development? (Use historical evidence to support your argument.)
5. How did World War I reshape global empires and colonial territories? (Examine how WWI influenced colonial unrest and changing power dynamics.)
6. How did total war during World War II impact civilians differently across Europe, Asia, and Africa? (Focus on two regions and compare experiences such as bombings, occupations, or mobilizations.)
7. Compare how the Cold War unfolded in Latin America versus Africa. (Use specific events, such as revolutions, coups, or proxy wars.)
8. Analyze the impact of Cold War nuclear diplomacy (arms race, disarmament talks) on world peace efforts. (Focus on key treaties or moments, such as SALT, the Cuban Missile Crisis, or Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.)
9. What challenges did newly independent African nations face after decolonization, and how did former colonial powers influence these challenges? (Focus on two countries.)
10. Compare the process of decolonization in Southeast Asia versus the Middle East. (Examine methods, conflicts, and outcomes of two nations.)
11. How did women's activism during the 20th and 21st centuries transform social and cultural attitudes towards gender equality worldwide? (Choose two examples of movements that prioritized cultural change over legislation.)
